2010年09月 28-2 心理位移書寫法之位格特性驗證與療癒效果分析

張仁和 黃金蘭 林以正
國立臺灣大學心理系
國立臺灣科技大學人文社會學科
國立臺灣大學心理系

 

心理位移日記書寫法(金樹人,2005)請個體依序以「我、你、他」三種不同位格進行經驗事件的書寫,透過在不同位格上轉換觀點而達自我療癒之效。金樹人藉由質性方法分析整理出在我位格書寫特性為「交待細膩,情緒深入」,你位格為「同理關懷,批評指責」,他位格則是「情緒理解,事件理解」。本研究共有100 位參與者進行為期六週、每週三次的心理位移日記書寫,以經驗到的負向事件為書寫材料,在每位格書寫後立即測量正向與負向情緒、關懷支持、批評指責、情緒理解與事件理解的程度。資料分析發現大致符合上述各個位格之特性。在位格特性的效果部分,顯示你位格之關懷支持與批評指責對正向跟負向情緒的改變有顯著預測力,他位格的情緒理解與事件理解則無。此外,在書寫六週後之心理適應指標有顯著提升,且此效果主要發生於初始心理適應較差者。本文並針對此書寫方法進行理論與實務應用之探討。
 

關鍵字
心理位移書寫法、位格特性、書寫療癒

參考書目

王智弘(2006)。網路上的「薄紗舞台效應」與宣洩治療功能— 部落格現象 的心理學解讀。台灣心理諮商通訊電子報,192。
李怡真、林以正(2006)。愛情關係中的情緒表達衝突之縱貫研究。中華心理 學刊,48(1),53-67。
李偉斌(2006)。網路書寫的心理療癒。台灣心理諮商通訊電子報,195。
金樹人(2005)。心理位移辯證效果敘事之敘事分析。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告(編號:NSC93-2413-H-003-001)。
徐巧玲(2006)。識得情緒真面目,只緣心理來位移— 「我、你、他」日記 對國中生提升情緒智力短期及長期改變之現象分析。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
高行健(1990)。靈山。台北:聯經。
陸洛(1998)。中國人幸福感之內涵、測量及相關因素探討。國家科學委員會研究彙刊:人文及社會科學,8,115-137。
葉雅馨、林家興(2006)。台灣民眾憂鬱程度與求助行為的調查研究。中華心理衛生學刊,19(2),125-148。
簡怡人、詹美涓、呂旭亞(2005)。書寫治療的應用及其療效。諮商與輔導,239,22-25。
董氏基金會(2008)。大學生憂鬱情緒與求助行為之相關性調查。台北:董氏基金會。
謝亦泰(2007)。從情緒向度與不同的心理位置和特性探討敘事書寫的正面效益。國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
Argyle, M., Martin, M., & Crossland, J. (1989). Happiness as a function of personality and social encounters. In J. P. Forgas & J. M. Innes (Eds.), Recent advances in social psychology: An international perspective (pp. 189-203). North Holland: Elsevier Science Publishers.
Ayduk, O., & Kross, E. (2008). Enhancing the pace of recovery-Self-distanced analysis of negative experiences reduces blood pressure reactivity. Psychological Science, 19, 229-231.
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45.
Bar-Anan, Y., Liberman, N., & Trope, Y. (2006). The association between psychological distance and construal level: Evidence from an implicit association test. Journal of Experimental Psychology-General, 135(4), 609-622.
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 84, 822-848.
Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. A., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 211-237.
Brunye, T. T., Ditman, T., Mahoney, C. R., Augustyn, J. S., & Taylor, H. A. (2009). When You and I Share Perspectives Pronouns Modulate Perspective Taking During Narrative Comprehension. Psychological Science, 20(1), 27-32.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well- being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302.
Esterling, B. A., Antoni, M. H., Fletcher, M. A., Margulies, S., & Schneiderman, N. (1994). Emotional disclosure through writing or speaking modulates latent epstein-barr-virus antibody-titers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62(1), 130-140.
Francis, M. E., & Pennebaker, J. W. (1992). Putting stress into words: The impact of writing on physiological, absentee, and self-reported emotional well-being measures. American Journal of Health Promotion, 6(4), 280-287.
Frattaroli, J. (2006). Experimental disclosure and its moderators: A meta-analysis.Psychological Bulletin, 132(6), 823-865.
Fredrickson, B. L., Cohn, M. A., Pek, K. A. C. A. J., & Finkel, S. M. (2008). Open hearts build lives: Positive emotions, induced through Loving-kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1045-1062.
Greenberg, M. A., & Stone, A. A. (1992). Emotional disclosure about traumas and its relation to health-Effects of previous disclosure and trauma severity.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(1), 75-84.
Henderson, M. D., Fujita, K., Trope, Y., & Liberman, N. (2006). Transcending the "here": The effect of spatial distance on social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(5), 845-856.
Heppner, W. L., & Kernis, M. H. (2007). "Quiet ego" functioning: The complementary roles of mindfulness, authenticity, and secure high self- esteem. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 248-251.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation-Theoretical considerations and preliminary-results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4(1), 33-47.
Kernis, M. H. (2003). Toward a conceptualization of optimal self-esteem. Psychological Inquiry, 14(1), 1-26.
Kernis, M. H., & Goldman, B. M. (2006). A multicomponent conceptualization of authenticity: Theory and research. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 283-357.
Kernis, M. H., & Waschull, S. B. (1995). The interactive roles of stability and level of self-esteem: Research and theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 27, 93-141.
King, L. A. (2001). The health benefits of writing about life goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 798-807.
King, L. A., & Emmons, R. A. (1990). Conflict over emotional expression: Psychological and physical correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(5), 864-877.
Liberman, N., & Trope, Y. (2008). The psychology of transcending the here and now. Science, 322(5905), 1201-1205.
Liberman, N., Trope, Y., McCrea, S. M., & Sherman, S. J. (2007). The effect of level of construal on the temporal distance of activity enactment. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(1), 143-149.
Lu, L., Gilmour, R., Kao, S. F., Weng, T. H., Hu, C. H., Chern, J. G, Huang, S. W., & Shih, J. B. (2001). Two ways to achieve happiness: When the east meets the west. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(7), 1161-1174.
Ludwig, D. S., & Kabat-Zinn, J. (2008). Mindfulness in medicine. Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association, 300(11), 1350-1352.
Pennebaker, J. W., & Beall, S. K. (1986). Confronting a traumatic event-Toward an understanding of inhibition and disease. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(3), 274-281.
Seih, Y. T., Lin, Y. C., Huang, C. L., Peng, C. W., & Huang, S. P. (2008). The benefits of psychological displacement in diary writing when using different pronouns. British Journal of Health Psychology, 13, 39-41.
Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(3), 373-386.
Shapiro, S. L., Oman, D., Thoresen, C. E., Plante, T. G., & Flinders, T. (2008). Cultivating mindfulness: Effects on well-being. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(7), 840-862.
Slatcher, R. B., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2006). How do i love thee? Let me count the words: The social effects of expressive writing. Psychological Science, 18(8), 668-671.
Smyth, J. M. (1998). Written emotional expression: Effect sizes, outcome types and moderating variables. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(1), 174-184.
Smyth, J. M., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2008). Exploring the boundary conditions of expressive writing: In search of the right recipe. British Journal of Health Psychology, 13, 1-7.
Trope, Y., & Liberman, N. (2003). Temporal construal. Psychological Review, 110(3), 403-421.
Wu, C. H., & Yao, G. (2006). Analysis of factorial invariance across gender in the Taiwan version of the satisfaction with life scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(6), 1259-1268.

全文下載
全文下載