2017年12月 50-1 探討不同風險程度的國中生之憂鬱情緒的保護與資源因子

陳杏容
國立臺灣師範大學社會工作學研究所

嚴重的憂鬱會提高少年的自殺率,而主要照顧者有酒癮或酒癮與精神疾病共病之少年有更高的風險罹患憂鬱情緒,故本研究探索在不同風險程度下,哪些正向因素可預測國中生之憂鬱情緒,以作為處遇規劃之參考。立基於復原力的觀點,可同時預測高低風險少年之憂鬱者稱之資源因子,只能預測高風險少年之憂鬱者稱之保護因子。透過多元迴歸分析台灣教育長期追蹤之國一與國二資料(15999人),本研究發現多數的變項僅能預測低風險少年的憂鬱情緒。正向個人特質、家庭溝通支持、獎勵式教養、學校依附、參與運動社團皆能預測低風險少年的憂鬱情緒,其中以家庭溝通與支持、學校依附的預測力最高。而家庭溝通與支持、正向個人特質分別能預測酒癮家庭少年與共病家庭少年之憂鬱情緒。根據研究結果,建議以校園作為第一級憂鬱預防的場域,創造一個吸引少年的校園氛圍、提供壓力因應訓練、並鼓勵規律運動。此外,提升家庭溝通與支持或個人壓力因應能力對身處在高風險或一般家庭的少年都有幫助。

關鍵字
家庭溝通與支持、酒癮與精神疾病共病、運動、學校依附、藝術

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