1996年12月 4-6 家庭系統分化與大學生的心理社會發展之關係研究

王大維 郭麗安
國立彰化師範大學輔導學系

本研究採取多代家庭發展架構來了解家庭系統中的分化程度與大學生的心理社會發展之間的關係。研究者抽樣了407位有效樣本,根據受試在「家庭系統分化量表」及「大學生心理社會發展量表」的得分,進行統計分析,得到下列的結果: (1)大學生的家庭中,母子次系統的分化情形最佳,顯著優於父子、親職及婚姻次系統的分化程度,而婚姻次系統的分化情形則最差。另外兩性在所知覺到的家庭系統分化情形並無差異,而家庭系統分化也不會因大學生的年齡及家庭社經地位而有所不同。(2)大學生的心理社會發展方面,男性在「勝任感」、「處裡情緒」、「自主性」、「自我認定」與「未來目標」等五個發展向度的得分,顯著優於女性。加外「勝任感」、「自我性」與「未來目標」會隨著年級不同而有差異。(3)家庭中四個次系統的分化程度都與大學生的「勝任感」、「處理情緒」 、「自我認定」、「人際關係」與「未來目標」等五個發展向度達顯著正相關。男性在三組家庭系統分化 與心理社會發展的相關係數上顯著高於女性,分別是「母子系統與自我認定」、「母子系統分化與人際關係」及「親職系統分化與自我認定」 。(4)在家庭次系統分化對於心理社會發展的預測方面,父子系統分化對大學男生的自我認定發展最則預測力。母子系統分化則對大學生的開放人際關係最具預測力。在其他向度方面除了男生的整合感與女生的自主性之外,投入的預測變項皆有形成迴歸模式,唯能解釋的變異量都不高。

關鍵字
家庭系統、分化、代間家族治療理論、大學生發展、心理社會發展

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