3-3 A study on sociogram

The study reviewed literature about sociogram include the topics of category, construction and interpretation.
Researcher made out a new definition for sociogram. There were 10 types of sociogram.
The author introduced simply the construction of sociogram, discussed their advantages and disadvantages, and purposed six indexes for judgment. Finally, the researcher found out 32 relationships in target sociograms.

Keywords
sociogram, sociometric diagram, sociometry, sociometric test

Reference
王文科(民 79 ) 。教育研究法(增訂初版) 。 臺北:五南。
吳武典(民 68)。社會計量法。輯於楊國樞、文崇一、吳聰賢和李亦園(編),社會及行為科學研究法(下冊,再版,677~719頁) 。臺北: 東華。
吳素倩(民 75 ) 班級團體之社會學考察一一以高中生之人際關係為例 。 輔仁學誌,18,377~406 。
郭振羽(民 78 )。社會測量法。輯於龍冠海(編),社會研究法(再版 , 391 ~ 422頁 ) 臺北:廣文。
程法泌(民 59 )。社會計量。輯於楊亮功(編), 雲五社會們學大辭典(第八冊, 336 ~ 337頁)。臺北:商務。
程法泌(民 73 ) 。 心理及教育測驗實施方法(四版)。臺北:中華。
馮觀富(民 81 ) 。 國民學校輔導活動理論與實務( 四版)。臺北 :心理 。
黃木春(民 56) 。 兒童社會關係的研究。測驗年刊,14,61~70。
劉焜輝(民 72 ) 。天馬式社交測量指導手冊(再版)。臺北: 天馬。
鄭推向(氏 62 ) 。社會計量法 。 輯於陳雲屏(編), 雲五社會科學大辭典( 第九冊,172~ 174頁)。臺北 :商務。
魏慧美 (民82 ) 。 大學生班級團體凝聚力及其有關因素的調查研究,教育學刊,10,323 ~ 359。
Adams, G. S. (1966). Measurement and evaluation: In education, psychology, and guidance. NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 
Bergman, J. (1981). Understanding educational measurement and evaluation. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. 
Bjerstedt, A. 0952). A "chess-board sociogram’, for sociographic representation of choice directions and for the analysis of "sociometric locomotions". Sociometry, 15(3-4), 244-262. 
Bock, R. D. (1952). A synthesis of time sampling and sociometric testing. Sociometry, 15 (3-4)' 263-271. 
Boyle, R. P. (1969). Algebraic systems for normal and hierarchical sociograms. Sociometry, 32(1), 99-119. 
Clark, R. A., & McGuire, C. (1952). Sociographic analysis of sociometric valuations. Child Development, 23( 2), 129-140. 
Cohen, L., & Manion, L. (1978). A guide to teaching practice. London: Methuren & Company. 
Coie, J. O., Coppotelli, H., & Dodge, K. A. 0982). Dimensions and types of social status: A cross-age perspective. Developmental Psychology, 18(4), 557-570. 
Dentler, R. A., & Mackler, B. (1976). The socialization of institutional retarded children. ln R. A. Dentler & B. J. Shapiro (eds.), Readings in educational psychology: Contemporary perspectives (1976-1977 Ed.) (pp. 297-308). New York, NY: Happer & Row. 
Dunnington, M. J. (1957). Investigation of areas of disagreement in sociometric measurement of preschool children. Child Development, 28(1), 93-102. 
Dunstone, S., & Zea, A. (1995) . Sociometric assessment of sοcial integration of students from culturally diverse backgrounds at a Nonresidential University. Journal of Group Psychotherapy, Psychodrama, & Sociometry, 47(4), 165-176. 
Evans, K. M. (1962). Sociometry and educati91). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Forsyth , 0. R. (1990). Group dynamics (2nd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. 
Forsyth, E., & Katz, L. (1946). A matrix approach to the analysis of sociometric data: Preliminary report. Sociometry. 9(4), 340-347. 
Goetz, E. T., Alexander, P. A., & Ash, M. J. (1992). Educational psychology: A class- room perspective. New York, NY: Macmillam. 
Gordon, I. J. (1969). Assessing the peer culture. In W. R. Baller (Ed.), Readings in the psychology of human growth and development (2nd ed.) (pp. 541-574). New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 
Green, J. A. (1970). Introduction to measurement and evaluation. New York, NY: Dodd, Mead & Company. 
Gronlund, N. E. (1985). Measurement and evaluation in teaching (5th ed.). New York, NY: Macmillan. 
Hallinan, M. T. (1974). The structure of Positive sentiment. New York, NY: Elsevier Scientific Publishing. 
Hare, A. P. (1992). Moreno’s sociometric study at the Hudson School for girls. Journal of Group Psychotherapy, Psychodrama. & Sociometry, 45(1), 24-39. 
Hennings, D. G., Hennings, G., & Banich, S. F. (Eds). (1989). Today’s elementary social studies (2nd ed). New York, NY; Happer & Row. 
Hoffman, C. C., Wilcox, L., Gomez,E,& Hollander, C. (1992). Sociometric applications in a corporate environment. Journal of Group Psychotherapy, Psychodrama, & Sociometry, 45(1), 3-16. 
Hopkins, K. D., Stanley, J.C., & Hopkins, B. R. (1990). Educational and psychological measurement and evaluation (7th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice hall. 
Jacobs, J. H. (1945). The application of sociometry to industry. Sociometry, 8(2), 181- 198. 
James, I3. J. (1955). Methodological problems in the applications of sociometry under ”uncontrolled”conditions. Sociometry, 18(2), 111-121. 
Kelly, G. R., & Edwards, M. (1980). Sociometry: A method for understanding foster care. Journal of Group Psychotherapy, Psychodrama, & Sociometry, 33, 128-138. 
Knoke, D., & Kuklinski, J. H. (1982). Network analysis. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE. Kubisszyn, T., & Borich, G. (1984). Educational testing and measurement: Classroom Application and practice. London: Scott, Foresman and Company.
Lefranco, G. R. (1992). Of children: An introduction to child development (7th ed.). 
Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Lemann, T. B., & Solomom, R. L. (1952). Group characteristics as revealed in sociometric patterns and personality ratings. Sociometry. 15(1-2), 7-90.
Lindgren, H. C. (1962). Educational psychology in the classroom (2nd ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Lindgren, H. C., & Suter, W. N. (1985). Educational psychology in the classroom (7th ed.) . Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Locke, D. C., & Ciechalski, J. C. (1985). Psychological techniques for teachers. Muncie, IN: Accelerated development.
Loomis, C. P ., & Powell, P . M. (1949). Sociometric analysis of class status in rural costa rica: A prasant community compared with an hacienda community. Sociomery, 12(1-3), 144-157.
Maucorps, P . H. (1949). A sociometric inquiry in the French army. Sociometry, 12(1-3), 46-80.
Millerm, P. Mc., & Wilson, M. J. (1984). A dictionary of social science methods. New York, NY : John Wiley & Sons.
Moreno, J. L. (1953). Who shall survive?: Foundations of sociometry, group psvchotherapy and sociodrama. Beacon, NY: Beacon House.
Nitko, A. J. (1983). Educational tests and measurement an introduction. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Noll, V. H., Scamnell, D. P., & Craig,R. C. (1979). Introduction to educational measurement (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
Northway, M. L. (1954). A plan for sociometric studies in a longitudinal programme of research in child development. Sociometry, 17(3), 272-281.
Passariello, N. M., & Newnes, C. (1988). The clinical application of a sociometric test in a threapeutic community: A case study. Journal of Group Psychotherapy, Psvchodrama, & Sociometry, 40(4), 169-183.
P ostahin, R. (1946) . A sociometric study of children’s friendships. Sociometry, 9(1), 48-70.
Powell, R. M. (1952). Sociometric analysis of informal groups: Their structure and function in two contrasting communities. Sociometrv. 15(3-4), 367-399.
Reitman, S. W. (1981). Education, society, and change. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Remmers, H. H., Gace, N. L., & Rummel, J. F. (1966). A practical introduction to measurement and evaluation (2nd ed.). NY: flapper & Row.
Riffenburgh, R. H. (1966). A method of sociometric identification on the basis of multiple measurements. Sociometry, 29(3), 280-290.
Saha, L. J. (1985). Sociometric methods. In T. Rusen, & T. Neville (Eds.). The international encyclopedia of education (Vol. 8, pp. 4699-4703). 
Oxford: Pergamon. Sanders, I. T. (1949). The use of block leaders in effective community mobilization. Sociometry, 12(4), 265-275.
Scott, J. (1991). Social network analysis: A handbook. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE.
Scott, W. G. (1967). Ore:anizational theorv. Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin.
Sethu Rao, M. K., & Bhaskaran, C. (1978). Application of sociometric techniques in identifying opinion leaders in two south Indian villages: A methodlogical study. Journal of Group Psychotherapy, Psychodrama, & Sociometry, 31, 46-50.
Smith, F. M., & Adams, S. (1966). Educational measurement for the classroom teacher (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Happer & Row.
Smith, P. K., & Cowie, H. (1991). Understandiin2' children's development (2nd ed.). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Smucker, O. (1947). Measurement of group tension through the use of negative sociometric data. Sociometrv, 10(4), 376-383.
Stephan, C. W., & Stephan, W. G. (1990). Two social psvcholoe:ies (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Stogdill, R. M. (1949). The sociometry of working relationships in formal organizations. Sociometry, 12(4), 276-286.
Thompson, G. G. (1960). Children’s groups. In P.H. Hussen (Ed.), Handbook of research methods in child development (pp. 688-769). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Treadwell, T. W., & Leach, E. A. (1987). An introduction to the COMPSOC system: A computerized approach to processing sociometric data. Journal of Group Psychotherapy, Psychodrama, & Sociometry, 40(3), 124-148.
Venable, T. C. (1954). The relationship of selected factors to the social structure of a stable group. Sociometry, 17(4), 355-357.
Wright, B. (1961). Direct factor analysis in sociometry. Sociometry, 24(1), 82-98. 
Zeleny, L. D. (1949). A note on the social atom: An illustration. Sociometry, 12(4), 341-343. ​

Download
Download