2012年04月 32-4 人母難為？一位從事寄養服務母親之敘說研究
| 顏姿吟 廖鳳池 |
| 國立高雄師範大學輔導與諮研究所 |
本研究旨在探究寄養兒童進入後，寄養家庭母親對原生母子間的互動變化，以及因應歷程的知覺。 研究採取敘說研究之「整體－內容」方式進行資料分析，關注時間、地點，以及人與社會等三個向 度，整理詮釋一位具有獨生子，並曾從事寄養服務工作的母親經驗面貌。寄養兒童被安置到獨生子女的寄養家庭時，不僅改變整個家庭系統，並擴張原本的關係變數。研究者先整理系統各成員在決 定成為寄養家庭時的角色與互動面貌，作為理解原生母子次系統的起點。其次，分析母子次系統的衝擊，包括「圍城般的困頓」、「擴展距離的起風」、「驚濤駭浪的揚帆」、「暴雨小浪接踵而至」、「風雨後的驚蟄」與「各就各位的航行」等六個階段，以及「束縛與黏膩」、「擔憂與享樂」、「震驚不斷的生活戰場」、「愛與資源的爭戰」、「情感紛亂又掙扎」、「尋回漸逝的信任」與「重構親子關係」等主題意義內涵；並歸納母子間相互影響力量的消長變化情形。最後，根據研究結果提出具體建議，以應用在母子諮商、寄養服務，以及未來研究之參考。
關鍵字
家庭寄養服務、敘說研究
參考書目
王琳(2008)。親職認知對管教行為的影響:探討兒童衝突的管教。中華心理衛生學刊，21(3)，245-272。
余德慧(1991)。中國社會的人際痛苦及其分析。載於楊中方、高尚仁(主編)，中國人、中國心: 人格與社會篇(292-337 頁)。台北:遠流。
李美枝(1998)。手足與朋友關係的內涵與功能。行政院國家科學委員會研究計畫(編號:NSC87- 2413-II004-003)，未出版。
吳芝儀譯(2008)。敘事研究:閱讀、分析與詮釋。台北:濤石。Lieblich, A., Tuval-Mashiach, R., & Zilber, T. (1998). Narrative research: Reading, analysis and interpretation.
林沈明瑩、陳登義、楊蓓譯(1998)。薩隄爾的家族治療模式。台北:張老師文化。Satir, V., Banmen, J., Gerber, J., & Goromi, M. (1991). The Satir model-family therapy and beyond.
范銘如(2006)。魯迅。台北:三民。 翁開誠(1997)。同理心開展的再出發─成人之美的藝術。輔仁學誌，26，261-274。 許瑛韶、郭素蘭、曾雅莉、彭秀玲、張慈芬譯(1999)。家族諮商實務與歷程。台北:心理。Street, E.(1994). Counseling for family problems.
徐秀芳(2001)。宋代的母親-生產、撫育與母子親情。史耘，7，1-38。
徐翰林譯(2010)。泰戈爾的詩。台北:海鴿。Tagore, R. (1941). The collection of Tagore’s poems.黃聖桂(2003)。家庭脈絡中青少年自主行為展現之研究—從整合歷程系統的觀點探討。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商研究所博士論文，未出版，彰化。
楊宜音(2001)。自己人:從中國人情感格局看婆媳關係。本土心理學研究，16，3-41。
楊連謙、董秀珠(1997)。結構—策略取向家庭治療。台北:心理。
葉光輝(1999)。家庭中的循環衝突。應用心理研究，2，41-82。
葉光輝(2004)。華人家人互動關係及其心理歷程。本土心理學研究，22，81-119。
游淑華(2006)。衝突與建構-親子衝突的互動與意義建構歷程。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商研究所博士論文，未出版，彰化。
翟瑞青(2006)。現代作家筆下的母愛闡釋。東岳論叢，27(5)，191-192。
劉珠利(2003)。臺灣年輕女性的兩性關係從—「關係中的自我」理論的觀點來探討。社區發展季刊，101，56-69。
劉瓊瑛譯(1996)。結構派家族治療入門。台北:心理。Minuchin, S., & Fishman, H. C. (1981). Family therapy techniques.
潘淑滿(2005)。台灣母職圖像。女學學誌:婦女與性別研究，20，41-91。
潘錦陵(2008)。寄養父母對親生子女與寄養兒童間教養方式之探討—以台中縣海線為例。靜宜大學青少年兒童福利研究所碩士論文，未出版，台中。
Adler, A. (1961). Understanding human nature. New York: Fawcett World Library.
Anderson, G. (1999). Children in permanent foster care in Sweden child and family. Social Work, 4(3), 175-186.
Baranowski, M. D. (1978). Adolescents’ attempted influence on parental behaviors. Adolescence, 13(52), 585-604.
Bell, R. Q. (1968). A reinterpretation of the direction of effects in studies of socialization. Psychological Review, 75(2), 81-95.
Braiker, H. B., & Kelley, H. H. (1979). Conflict in the development of close relationships. In R. L.
Burgess & T. L. Huston (Eds.), Social exchange in developing relationships (pp. 135-168). New York: Academic.
Chao, R. K. (1994). Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: Understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training. Child Development, 65, 1111-1120.
Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Dallos, R., & Draper, R. (2005). An introduction to family therapy: Systemic theory and practice (2nd ed.). Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: Open University Press.
Elvin-Nowak, Y., & Thomsson, H. (2001). Motherhood as idea and practice: A discursive understanding of employed mothers in Sweden. Gender and Scoety, 15, 381-399.
Emery, R. E. (1992). Family conflicts and their developmental implications: A conceptual analysis of meanings for the structure of relationships. In C. U. Shanz & W. W. Hartup (Eds.), Conflict in child and adolescent development (pp. 270-298). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Gehring, T. M., Wentzel, K. R., Feldman, S. S., & Munson, J. (1990). Conflict in families of adolescents: The impact on cohesion and power structures. Journal of Family Psychology, 3(3), 290-309. Goldenberg, I., & Goldenberg, H. (2008). Family therapy: An overview (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks Cole/Thomason Learning.
Hoffman, L. W. (1978). Effect of the first child on the woman’s role. In W. B. Miller & L. F. Newman (Eds.), The first child and family formation (pp. 340-367). Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, Carolina Population Center.
Jaggar, A. M. (1983). Feminist politics and human nature. Savage, MD: Rowwan & Littlefield.
Jenkins, H., & Asen, K. (1992). Family therapy without the family: A framework for systemic practice. Journal of Family Therapy, 14, 1-14.
Johnson, P. R., Yoken, C., & Voss, R. (1995). Family foster care placement: The child’s perspective. Child Welfare, 79, 959-974.
Jordan, J. V., Kaplan, A. G., Miller, J. B., Stiver, I. P., & Surrey, J. L. (1991). Women’s growth in connection: Writings from the Stone Center. New York: The Guilford Press.
Kadushin, A. (1980). Child welfare services (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan.
Lieblich, A., Zilber, T., & Tuval-Mashiach, R. (2008). Narrating human actions: The subjective experience of agency, structure, communion and serendipity. Qualitative Inquiry, 14(4), 613-631.
Liamputtong, P. (2006). Motherhood and “moral career”: Discourses of good motherhood among southeast Asian immigrant women in Australia. Qualitative Sociology, 29(1), 25-53.
Mishler, E. G. (1986). Research interviewing: Context and narrative. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Minuchin, S. (1974). Families and family therapy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Overcash, J. A. (2004). Narrative research: a viable methodology for clinical nursing. Nursing forum, 39(1), 15-22.
Pai, H. C., Lee, S., & Tsao, L. I. (2004). An Exploration of the mother-child relationship between climacteric mothers and their adolescent daughters. Journal of Nursing Research,12(4), 267-274.
Perozynski, L., & Kramer, L. (1999). Parental beliefs about managing sibling conflict. Developmental Psychology, 35(2), 489-499.
Pinsof, W. M., & Lebow, J. L. (2005). A scientific paradigm in family psychology. In W. M. Pinsof & J. L.
Lebow (Eds.), Family psychology: The art of the science (pp. 3-19). New York: Oxford University Press.
Piotrowski, C. C. (1999). Keeping the peace or peace of mind? Maternal cognitions about sibling conflict and aggression. In C. C. Piotrowski & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Conflict as a context for understanding maternal beliefs about child rearing and children’s misbehavior (pp. 5-23). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Robin, A. L., & Foster, S. L. (1989). Negotiating parent-adolescent conflict: A behavioral family systems approach. New York: Guilford.
Ross, H. S., Siddiqui, A., Ram, A., & Ward, L. (2004). Perspectives on self and other in children’s representations of sibling conflict. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28(1), 37-47.
Sameroff, A. (1975). Early influences on development: Fact or fantasy? Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 21(4), 267-294.
Silverstein, M., Parrott, T. M., & Bengtson, V. L. (1995). Factors that predispose middle-aged sons and daughters to provide social support to older parents. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 465-475.
Smart, C. (1996). Deconstructing motherhood. In E. B. Silva (Ed.), Good enough mothering? (pp. 37-57). London: Routledge.
Watzlawick, P., Weakland, J. H., & Fisch, R. (1974). Change: Principles of problem formation and problem solution. New York: W. W. Norton.
Weber, A. L. (1992). Social psychology. New York: Harper Collins.
Zuk, G. H. (1988). The conflict cycle in families and therapy. Contemporary Family Therapy, 10(3), 145-153.
Zuk, C. V., & Zuk, G. H. (1989). The conflict cycle in the case of an adolescent in crisis. Contemporary Family Therapy, 11(4), 259-266.
余德慧(1991)。中國社會的人際痛苦及其分析。載於楊中方、高尚仁(主編)，中國人、中國心: 人格與社會篇(292-337 頁)。台北:遠流。
李美枝(1998)。手足與朋友關係的內涵與功能。行政院國家科學委員會研究計畫(編號:NSC87- 2413-II004-003)，未出版。
吳芝儀譯(2008)。敘事研究:閱讀、分析與詮釋。台北:濤石。Lieblich, A., Tuval-Mashiach, R., & Zilber, T. (1998). Narrative research: Reading, analysis and interpretation.
林沈明瑩、陳登義、楊蓓譯(1998)。薩隄爾的家族治療模式。台北:張老師文化。Satir, V., Banmen, J., Gerber, J., & Goromi, M. (1991). The Satir model-family therapy and beyond.
范銘如(2006)。魯迅。台北:三民。 翁開誠(1997)。同理心開展的再出發─成人之美的藝術。輔仁學誌，26，261-274。 許瑛韶、郭素蘭、曾雅莉、彭秀玲、張慈芬譯(1999)。家族諮商實務與歷程。台北:心理。Street, E.(1994). Counseling for family problems.
徐秀芳(2001)。宋代的母親-生產、撫育與母子親情。史耘，7，1-38。
徐翰林譯(2010)。泰戈爾的詩。台北:海鴿。Tagore, R. (1941). The collection of Tagore’s poems.黃聖桂(2003)。家庭脈絡中青少年自主行為展現之研究—從整合歷程系統的觀點探討。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商研究所博士論文，未出版，彰化。
楊宜音(2001)。自己人:從中國人情感格局看婆媳關係。本土心理學研究，16，3-41。
楊連謙、董秀珠(1997)。結構—策略取向家庭治療。台北:心理。
葉光輝(1999)。家庭中的循環衝突。應用心理研究，2，41-82。
葉光輝(2004)。華人家人互動關係及其心理歷程。本土心理學研究，22，81-119。
游淑華(2006)。衝突與建構-親子衝突的互動與意義建構歷程。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商研究所博士論文，未出版，彰化。
翟瑞青(2006)。現代作家筆下的母愛闡釋。東岳論叢，27(5)，191-192。
劉珠利(2003)。臺灣年輕女性的兩性關係從—「關係中的自我」理論的觀點來探討。社區發展季刊，101，56-69。
劉瓊瑛譯(1996)。結構派家族治療入門。台北:心理。Minuchin, S., & Fishman, H. C. (1981). Family therapy techniques.
潘淑滿(2005)。台灣母職圖像。女學學誌:婦女與性別研究，20，41-91。
潘錦陵(2008)。寄養父母對親生子女與寄養兒童間教養方式之探討—以台中縣海線為例。靜宜大學青少年兒童福利研究所碩士論文，未出版，台中。
Adler, A. (1961). Understanding human nature. New York: Fawcett World Library.
Anderson, G. (1999). Children in permanent foster care in Sweden child and family. Social Work, 4(3), 175-186.
Baranowski, M. D. (1978). Adolescents’ attempted influence on parental behaviors. Adolescence, 13(52), 585-604.
Bell, R. Q. (1968). A reinterpretation of the direction of effects in studies of socialization. Psychological Review, 75(2), 81-95.
Braiker, H. B., & Kelley, H. H. (1979). Conflict in the development of close relationships. In R. L.
Burgess & T. L. Huston (Eds.), Social exchange in developing relationships (pp. 135-168). New York: Academic.
Chao, R. K. (1994). Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: Understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training. Child Development, 65, 1111-1120.
Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Dallos, R., & Draper, R. (2005). An introduction to family therapy: Systemic theory and practice (2nd ed.). Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: Open University Press.
Elvin-Nowak, Y., & Thomsson, H. (2001). Motherhood as idea and practice: A discursive understanding of employed mothers in Sweden. Gender and Scoety, 15, 381-399.
Emery, R. E. (1992). Family conflicts and their developmental implications: A conceptual analysis of meanings for the structure of relationships. In C. U. Shanz & W. W. Hartup (Eds.), Conflict in child and adolescent development (pp. 270-298). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Gehring, T. M., Wentzel, K. R., Feldman, S. S., & Munson, J. (1990). Conflict in families of adolescents: The impact on cohesion and power structures. Journal of Family Psychology, 3(3), 290-309. Goldenberg, I., & Goldenberg, H. (2008). Family therapy: An overview (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks Cole/Thomason Learning.
Hoffman, L. W. (1978). Effect of the first child on the woman’s role. In W. B. Miller & L. F. Newman (Eds.), The first child and family formation (pp. 340-367). Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, Carolina Population Center.
Jaggar, A. M. (1983). Feminist politics and human nature. Savage, MD: Rowwan & Littlefield.
Jenkins, H., & Asen, K. (1992). Family therapy without the family: A framework for systemic practice. Journal of Family Therapy, 14, 1-14.
Johnson, P. R., Yoken, C., & Voss, R. (1995). Family foster care placement: The child’s perspective. Child Welfare, 79, 959-974.
Jordan, J. V., Kaplan, A. G., Miller, J. B., Stiver, I. P., & Surrey, J. L. (1991). Women’s growth in connection: Writings from the Stone Center. New York: The Guilford Press.
Kadushin, A. (1980). Child welfare services (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan.
Lieblich, A., Zilber, T., & Tuval-Mashiach, R. (2008). Narrating human actions: The subjective experience of agency, structure, communion and serendipity. Qualitative Inquiry, 14(4), 613-631.
Liamputtong, P. (2006). Motherhood and “moral career”: Discourses of good motherhood among southeast Asian immigrant women in Australia. Qualitative Sociology, 29(1), 25-53.
Mishler, E. G. (1986). Research interviewing: Context and narrative. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Minuchin, S. (1974). Families and family therapy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Overcash, J. A. (2004). Narrative research: a viable methodology for clinical nursing. Nursing forum, 39(1), 15-22.
Pai, H. C., Lee, S., & Tsao, L. I. (2004). An Exploration of the mother-child relationship between climacteric mothers and their adolescent daughters. Journal of Nursing Research,12(4), 267-274.
Perozynski, L., & Kramer, L. (1999). Parental beliefs about managing sibling conflict. Developmental Psychology, 35(2), 489-499.
Pinsof, W. M., & Lebow, J. L. (2005). A scientific paradigm in family psychology. In W. M. Pinsof & J. L.
Lebow (Eds.), Family psychology: The art of the science (pp. 3-19). New York: Oxford University Press.
Piotrowski, C. C. (1999). Keeping the peace or peace of mind? Maternal cognitions about sibling conflict and aggression. In C. C. Piotrowski & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Conflict as a context for understanding maternal beliefs about child rearing and children’s misbehavior (pp. 5-23). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Robin, A. L., & Foster, S. L. (1989). Negotiating parent-adolescent conflict: A behavioral family systems approach. New York: Guilford.
Ross, H. S., Siddiqui, A., Ram, A., & Ward, L. (2004). Perspectives on self and other in children’s representations of sibling conflict. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28(1), 37-47.
Sameroff, A. (1975). Early influences on development: Fact or fantasy? Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 21(4), 267-294.
Silverstein, M., Parrott, T. M., & Bengtson, V. L. (1995). Factors that predispose middle-aged sons and daughters to provide social support to older parents. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 465-475.
Smart, C. (1996). Deconstructing motherhood. In E. B. Silva (Ed.), Good enough mothering? (pp. 37-57). London: Routledge.
Watzlawick, P., Weakland, J. H., & Fisch, R. (1974). Change: Principles of problem formation and problem solution. New York: W. W. Norton.
Weber, A. L. (1992). Social psychology. New York: Harper Collins.
Zuk, G. H. (1988). The conflict cycle in families and therapy. Contemporary Family Therapy, 10(3), 145-153.
Zuk, C. V., & Zuk, G. H. (1989). The conflict cycle in the case of an adolescent in crisis. Contemporary Family Therapy, 11(4), 259-266.
全文下載