2006年09月 20-1 一位喪兒父親的蛻變

王純娟
國立花蓮教育大學諮商心理學系

本文旨在探索一位父親在經歷了孩子驟逝近四年來的蛻變。這位父親F的孩子因九二一大地震而去世,研究者在震災後兩年又四個月時進入F 的家庭,在初期的接觸,F 表現客氣卻拒人於千里之外、抗拒且不信任研究者,後來轉而願意接受深度訪談,甚至接受心理治療邀請,探討其態度的轉折與轉折契機、心理治療後的蛻變是本文的目的。
研究的最基本前提乃視F 為一整體,全程以民族誌研究方法進行,研究者以不同的互動型式蒐集F 的哀慟資料。從與F 家庭歷時18 個月,共計40 次接觸中,本研究選擇其中三次長談、一次錄音深度訪談和七次晤談作為檢視其蛻變之依據。這些接觸時間共計超過30 小時,資料分析乃以接觸後24 小時之內的田野筆記(或訪談筆記)和逐字稿作為基礎。資料分析得到以下三蛻變:關係的建立與契機、因震災的喪兒經驗所帶來的影響與經歷七次晤談的蛻變。
就第一個蛻變而言,本文探討三個可能促發F 從不信任到全心分享他的故事的契機。就第二個蛻變而言,F 的哀傷有其普遍性和獨特性,對F個人亦有深層的影響。就第三個蛻變而言,治療者以個人中心學派治療模式介入,F 逐漸發展出來的蛻變的主題亦有三:自由自在做自己的主人、換個角度看事情、對退休的惶恐。

關鍵字
九二一大地震、民族誌、哀傷心理治療、個人中心學派、喪兒父親、驟逝

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