2007年09月 22-6 自殺者遺族悲傷調適之任務─危機模式初步建構

呂欣芹 方俊凱 林綺雲
馬偕紀念醫院
醫學研究部
馬偕紀念醫院
精神科暨自殺防治中心
國立台北護理學院
生死教育與輔導研究所

本研究旨在建構自殺者遺族悲傷調迪之模式,採用質性研究,以立意取樣11 位自殺者遺族為研究對象,半結構訪談的方法收集資料。分析的方法參考Colaizzi ( 1978 )的七個步驟,並使用ATLAS .ti 5.0 套裝軟體進行資料分析,研究已通過人體試驗委員會( IRB )的審查。結果發現自殺者遺族生理、感覺、認知與行為方面的悲傷反應,可以發現整體悲傷反應的特徵’色合:震驚、困惑、憤怒與罪惡感、懷抱悲傷、無意義、織默。上述特徵可能進一步形成壓抑、尋找、怪罪、憂鬱、絕望、孤獨的危機。由遺族採取的身體、心理、靈性與社會的悲傷調過,可以發現調適的目標以建構悲傷任務,包含:表達悲傷、放下困惑、同理逝者、告別逝者、創造意義、祝福逝者。本研究嘗試以任務論初步建構的自殺者遺族悲傷調迪之模式,包含以下六個由「任務─危機」組成的主題:表達─壓抑、放手─尋找、同理─怪罪、告別─憂鬱、超越─絕望、祝福─孤獨。此模式可以幫助自殺者遺族與實務工作者暸解尚有可努力的事,而且悲傷可以到達一個讓人滿意的狀態,能幫助找到著力點。

關鍵字
自殺者遺族、悲傷反應、悲傷任務、悲傷調適

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