2017年12月 50-5 國小高年級學童所知覺之父母管教行為與心理社會適應之關聯

程景琳
台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系

本研究之目的在於探討高年級學童所知覺之控制性父母管教行為(即心理控制與行為控制)與其心理社會適應不良的關聯。「心理控制」管教行為指父母藉由操控孩子的想法與感受,使其行為表現得以合乎父母期望,乃針對孩子心理層面的干預;而「行為控制」管教行為則指父母藉由強制介入性的規定,對孩子的行為加以嚴格限制與規範,偏向於高壓權威式的管教。研究參與者為來自臺灣6個縣市8所國小共350名五年級學生(男生177名、女生173名,平均年齡10.89歲),透過自陳之「父母行為控制量表」、「父母心理控制量表」、「困難量表」及「同儕受害經驗量表」,測量高年級學童所知覺之父母行為及心理控制程度,及自身之情緒困難及同儕受害狀況。本研究發現在同時考量父親及母親行為控制的情況下,高年級男生所知覺的父親及母親行為控制程度並無法顯著預測其心理社會適應情況;而高年級女生所知覺的母親行為控制管教能預測其心理適應不良與社會適應不良,但父親行為控制並無顯著預測力。另外,在同時考量父親及母親心理控制的情況下,對於高年級男生而言,其所知覺的父親心理控制程度愈高,愈容易出現心理社會適應不良;針對高年級女生而言,其所知覺的母親心理控制程度愈高,則愈容易出現心理社會適應不良。最後針對父母控制管教行為與高年級學童適應不良之關聯的可能影響因素進行相關討論。

關鍵字
父母管教行為、心理社會適應、心理控制、行為控制、前青少年期

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