1998年12月 6-2 圑體治療性與反治療性重要事件之分析
| 林美珠 | 王麗斐 |
| 國立花蓮師範學院教育心理與輔導學系 | 國立台中師範學院初等教育學系 |
團體的價值在於能產生促成改變的機制，尤其是Yalom所描述的十二項團體治療性因素被認為是促成治療性改變之共同要素。在國內進行團體的相關性研究時必須考慮本土化的問題﹔此外，團體的反治療性因素向來為學者所忽視。故本研究主要透過兩個連續性的研究：一為「重要事件報導法」，另一為「深度一對一訪談法」，蒐集59位團體參與者對團體治療性與反治療性重要事件之報導，以及10位受訪者對團體經驗之描述。經過群緊分析與內容分析，本研究主要發現如下：
團體中促成改變機制產生的治療性與阻礙改變機制產生的反治療性重要事件，與過去研究結果比較後，發現「從他人處學習」、「人際學習」、「凝聚力」、「訊息提供」、「共通性」、「希望感」、「自我暸解」等群聚因與過去文獻中提到的治療因素有較多的重疊性，故似乎真有普遍性特質，而「成員缺席」、「成員缺乏投入與參與」、「領導者的介入」則與過去有關團體反治療性因素的研究發現較為一致。比較特殊的發現是：若干團體治療性因素的產生可能與團體性質有關，而「領導者的適當與不當介入」、「利他」、「宣洩」、「早年家庭經驗的新體驗」、「擔心自己對他人的影響」等項則可能具有本土特殊性意義，值得未來更多的研究探究之。根據以上結果，本研究從團體工作實務及未來研究等二方面作建議。
關鍵字
團體治療性、團體反治療性、重要事件分析
參考書目
朱瑞玲（ 1993 ）。台灣心理學研究之本土化的回顧與展望。見楊國樞（主編）。本土心理學的開展。台北：桂冠。
林美珠、林明文、陳淑瓊（民的）。團體諮商治療性與反治療性因素之探索研究。論文發表於「85學年度師範學院教育學術論文發表會」，台東。
Association for Specialists in Group Work (ASGW). ( 1992). Association for Specialists in Group Work: Professional standards for training of group workers. Journal for Specialists in Group W
ork, 17, 12-19.
Bednar， R. L., & Kua!, T. (1994). Experiential group research. In A. E. Bergin & S. L. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavioral change. NY: Wiley.
Bloch, S., & Reibstein, J. (1980). Perceptions by patients and therapists of therapeutic factors in group psychotherapy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 274-278.
Boltc， J., Manley, J., & Walso, M. (1997). Therapeutic factors in single session anger manαgement groups for felons. Paper presented at the meeting of the 105th Annual American Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
Conner, M. C，＆ Walso, M. (1997). Therapeutic factors ident{fied in relationship enhancement theory groups designed to foster university students if differentiαtion from family of origin. Paper presented at the meeting of the 105th Annual American Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
Corsini, R., Rosenberg, B. (1955). Mechanisms of group psychotherapy: Process and dynamics. Journαl of Abnormal amd Social Psychology, 51, 406-411.
Dagley, J. C., Gazda, G. M., Eppinger, S. J., & Stew肘， E A. (1994). Group psychotherapy research with children, preadolescents, and adolescents. In A. Fuhriman & G. M. Burlingame (Eds.), Handbook of group Psychotherapy (pp.340-369). NY: Wiley.
DeLucia-Waack, J. L. (1998). The editor of The Journal for Specialists in Group Work. Personal communication.
Dies, R. B. (1983). Bridging the gap between research and practice in group psychotherapy. In R. R. Dies & K. R. Mackenzie (Eds.), Advances in group psychotherapy: Integrating research and practice (pp.191-208). New York: International Universities Press, Inc.
Doxsee， D. J. & Kivlighan, D. M. (1994). Hindering events in interpersonal relations groups for counselor trainees. Journal of Counseling and Development, 72, 621-626.
Hoag， M. J., & Burlingame, G. M. (1997). Evaluating the effectiveness of child and adolescent group treatment: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 26, 234-246.
Jacobs, E. E., Harvill, R. L., & Masson, R. L. (1988). Group counseling: Strategies and skills. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Kivlighan, D., M., Multon, K. D., & Brossart, D. F. (1996). Helpful impacts in group counseling: development of a multidimensional rating system. Journal of Counseling psychology, 43, 347-355.
Lese, K. P., & macNair-Semands， R R. (1997). The therapeutic factors inventory： Development of α scale . Paper presented at the meeting of the 105th Annual American Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
Lieberman, M. A. (1983). Comparative analyses of change mechanisms in groups. In R. R. Dies & K. R. Mackenzie (Eds .). Advances in group psychotherapy: Integrating research and prαctice (pp.191-208) . New York: International Universities Press, Inc.
Merta, R. J., Romero, J., & Bennett, M. (1997). Therapeutic factors in processoriented multicultual group work. Paper presented at the meeting of the 105th Annual American Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
Schwartz， J. (1997). Therapeutic factors in Duluth model spouse abuser group treatment. Paper presented at the meeting of the 105th Annual American Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
Sue, D. W. (1994 ). Asian-American mental health and help-seeking behavior: comment on Solberg et al. (1994), Tata and Leong (1994), and Lin (1994). Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41, 292-295.
Walso, M., & Bauman, S. (1998). Regrouping the categorization of group work: A goals and process (GAP) matrix for groups. The Journal for Specialists in Group work, 23, 164-176.
Woolsey， L K. (1986). The critical incident technique: An innovative qualitative method of research. Canadian Journal of Counseling, 20, 242-254.
Yalom, I. D. (1985). The theoη and practice of group psychotherapy (3rd ed.). NY: Basic Books.
Yalom, I. D. (1995). The theory and practice of group psychotherapy (4th ed.). NY: Basic Books.
Yang, K. (1998). Beyond Maslow iJ台culture-bound, linear theory: A preliminary statement of the double-Y model of basic human needs. Paper presented at the meeting of the 24'h International Congress of Applied Psychology, San Francisco.
全文下載