2018年10月 53-4 心理位移: 位格特性與療癒效應研究之回顧與展望

金樹人
澳門大學教育學院

從第一篇心理位移日記書寫法的研究報告問世(金樹人,2005),國內外已有數十篇的相關論文或文
獻陸續發表。本文的主旨,在於從這些發表的研究中進行回顧性的整理與分析,聚焦於彙整心理位移
的位格特性、影響效果與療癒效應,探究此法可能的限制,同時對於未來研究的方向提出建議。回顧
分析結果發現,在位格特性方面,質性與量化的多元研究取向,豐厚了「我」「你」「他」以及「再
回到我」等位格特性的深度與廣度。在影響效果部分,經由深度書寫後,臨在的狀態逐漸從外在歸因
轉為關注於內在自我關係或人我關係,進而產生諸多情緒、認知與行為的改變。然而,這種書寫法也
遭遇到一些負面效應或毫無效果的質疑與挑戰。在心理位移書寫為何會產生療癒效應的部分,本研究
發現改變的效應緣於(1)不同位格的逐步推移與轉化;(2)你位格的客體轉化效應;(3)他位格的
累積轉化效應;(4)「再回到我」的中庸全局思維;(5)心理距離改變促成的認知轉化;以及(6)
多重視角重複書寫的全景效應等等面向。最後,本文針對心理位移研究的回顧與分析,提出未來在心
理諮商實務應用,以及心理位移書寫法本身有待解決的主題與建議。

關鍵字
心理位移、心理距離、回顧與展望

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