1996年12月 4-6 家庭系統分化與大學生的心理社會發展之關係研究
本研究採取多代家庭發展架構來了解家庭系統中的分化程度與大學生的心理社會發展之間的關係。研究者抽樣了407位有效樣本,根據受試在「家庭系統分化量表」及「大學生心理社會發展量表」的得分,進行統計分析,得到下列的結果: (1)大學生的家庭中,母子次系統的分化情形最佳,顯著優於父子、親職及婚姻次系統的分化程度,而婚姻次系統的分化情形則最差。另外兩性在所知覺到的家庭系統分化情形並無差異,而家庭系統分化也不會因大學生的年齡及家庭社經地位而有所不同。(2)大學生的心理社會發展方面,男性在「勝任感」、「處裡情緒」、「自主性」、「自我認定」與「未來目標」等五個發展向度的得分,顯著優於女性。加外「勝任感」、「自我性」與「未來目標」會隨著年級不同而有差異。(3)家庭中四個次系統的分化程度都與大學生的「勝任感」、「處理情緒」 、「自我認定」、「人際關係」與「未來目標」等五個發展向度達顯著正相關。男性在三組家庭系統分化 與心理社會發展的相關係數上顯著高於女性,分別是「母子系統與自我認定」、「母子系統分化與人際關係」及「親職系統分化與自我認定」 。(4)在家庭次系統分化對於心理社會發展的預測方面,父子系統分化對大學男生的自我認定發展最則預測力。母子系統分化則對大學生的開放人際關係最具預測力。在其他向度方面除了男生的整合感與女生的自主性之外,投入的預測變項皆有形成迴歸模式,唯能解釋的變異量都不高。
關鍵字 家庭系統、分化、代間家族治療理論、大學生發展、心理社會發展
參考書目
王大維(民 84 )。健康的家庭系統之探討。學生輔導雙月刊, 40 期, 90-101頁。
王行(民 82 )。大學生自我分化程度與生濫成熟度關係之探討。東吳社會學報, 2 期, 89-115 頁。
王沂釗(民 83 )。家庭結構、家庭關係與青少年生活適應之分析研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
王嚮蕾(民 83 )。原生家庭父母自我分化與青少年自我分化、焦慮之相關研究。國立台灣師大教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
江南發(民 80 )。青少年自我統合與發展。高雄:復文出版社。
奧就君譯(民 83 )。(新)家庭如何塑造人。台北:張老師出版社。
沈彩梅(民 83 )。青少年家庭功能、職業自我概念與生避發展之相關研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
陳李綱(民 72 )。大專男女生自我統整與職業選擇、學習滿意度及父母養育方式之比較研究。教育心理學報, 16期, 89-98頁。
張郁雯(民 75 )。我國大學生心理社會發展與心理健康之相關研究。國立台灣大學心理研究所碩士論文。
彭懊真(民 85 )。婚姻與家庭。台北:巨流。
蔥風(民 84 )。大一學生原生家庭經驗、心理分離-個體化、與情緒適應之相關研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
曾慧敏(民 74 )。自我統整、性別角色與 Erikson 心理社會發展關係研究。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文。
鄭青玫(民 84 )。後青春期大學男生知覺其父母婚姻狀況對其個體化影響之研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
劉姿君(民 83 )。大學生自我認定狀態與其生瀝決定程度及自我分化水準之關係研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
Alishia, K. C. (1992). Applying transgenerational family theory and therapy to college student psychotherapy. Journal of College StudentPsγchotherapy, 6 (3/4), 97-116.
Allison, M. D., & Sabatelli, R. M. (1988). Differentiation and individua- tion as mediators of identity and intimacy in adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Research, 3, 1-16.
Anderson, S. A., & Sabatelli, R. M. (1990). Differentiating differentiation and individuation: Conceptual and operational challenges. The Ameri- can Journal of Family Therapy, 18, 32-50.
Anderson, S . A . , & Sabatell, R. M . (1992) . The Differeation in the Family System Scale (DIFS). The American Journal of Family Therary, 20, 77-89.
Barnhill, L. R. (1979). Healthy family systems. Family Coordinator, 28, 94-100.
Bartle, S. E., & Sabatelli, R. M. (1989). Family system dynamics, identity development, and adolescent alcohol use: Implications for family treatment. Family Relations, 38, 258-265.
Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
Bomar, J. A. (1994). The relationship between family systems dynamics and adjustment in a sample of late adolescents. Dissertation Abstracts International, 54 (07), 3871B. (University Microfilms No. AAC9333196)
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22,723-742.
Carter,B,& McGoldrick, M. (1989). Overview: The changing family life cycle- - A framework for family therapy. In B. Carter & M. McGoldrick (Eds.), The changing family life cycle: A framework for family therapy (2nd ed., pp. 3-28). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Chickering, A. W. (1969). Education and Identity. San Francisco, CA: Jossey- Bass.
Chun, Y. J., & MacDermid, S. M. (1995). Relationships among the family differentiation, peer relationships, individuation and self-esteem of Korean adolescents. In P. L. Lin & W. H. Tsai (Eds.), Selected readings on marriage and the family: A global perspective (pp. 93-104). Indianapolis, IN: University of Indianapolis Press.
Cole, D. A., & Jordon, A. E. (1989). Assessment of cohesion and adapt- ability in component
family dyads: A question of convergent and discriminant validity. Journal of Counseling
Psychology, 36, 456-463.
Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton. Farley, J. E. (1979). Family separation-individuation tolerance: A developmental conceptualization of the nuclear family. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 5, 61-67.
Gavazzi, S. M. (1993). The relation between family differentiation levels in families with adolescents and the severity of presenting problems. Family Relations, 42, 463- 468.
Gavazzi, S. M. (1994). Advances in assessing the relationship between family differentiation and problematic functioning in adolescents. Family Therapy, 21, 249- 259.
Gavazzi, S. M., Anderson, S. A., & Sabatelli, R. M. (1993). Family differentiation, peer differentiation, and adolescent adjustment in a clinical sample. Journal of Adolescent Research, 8, 205-225.
Gavazzi, S. M., Goettler, D. E., Solomon, S. P., & McKenry, P. C. (1994). The impact of family and peer differentiation levels on adolescent psychosocial development and problematic behaviors. Contemporary Family Therapy, 16, 431-448.
Gavazzi, S. M., & Sabatelli, R. M. (1990). Family system dynamics, the individuation process, and psychosocial development. Journal of Adolescent Research, 5, 500-519.
Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development. Cambridg-e, MA: Havard University Press.
Grotevant, H. D,& Cooper, C. R. (1985). Patterns of interaction in family relationships and the development of identity exploration in adolescence. Child Development, 56, 415-428.
Held, B. S,& Bellows, D. C. (1983). A family systems approach to crisis reactions to colleg-e students. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 9, 365-373.
Hsu, J. (1985). The Chinese family: Relations, problems, and therapy. In W.-S. Tseng & D. Y. H. Wu (Eds.), Chinese culture and mental health (pp. 95-112). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
Josselson, R. (1987). Finding herself: Pathways to identity development in women. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Kalpel, M. K. (1976). Individuation: From fusion to dialogue. Family Process, 15(4), 65-82.
Kerr, M. E,& Bowen, M. (1988). Family evaluation: An approach based on Bowen theory. New York: Norton.
Lopez, F. G. (1992). Family dynamics and late adolescent identity development. In S. D. Brown & W. R. Lent (Eds.), Handbook of counseling psychology (2nd ed., pp. 251-183). New York: Wiley.
Minuchin, P. (1985). Families and individual development: Provocationsfrom the field of family therapy. Child Development, 56, 289-302.
Openlander, P., & Searight, H. R. (1983). Family therapy perspective in the college counseling center. Journal of College Student Personnel, 24, 423-427.
Ryan, R. M., & Lynch, J. H. (1989). Emotional autonomy versus detachment: Revisiting the vicissitudes of adolescent and young adulthood Child Development, 60, 340-356.
Sabatelli, R. M., & Anderson, S. A. (1991). Family system dynamics, peer relationships, and adolescents' psychosocial adjustment. Family Relations, 40, 363- 369.
Sabatelli, R. M., & Mazor, A. (1985). Differentiation, individuation, and identity formation: the integration of family system and individual developmental perspectives. Adolescence, 20, 619-633.
Schultheiss, D. P., & Blustein, D. L. (1994). Role of adolescent-parent relationships in college student development and adjustment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41, 248-255.
Shapiro, E. R. (1988). Individual change and family development: lndividuation as a family process. In C. J. Falicov (Ed.), Family transitions: Continuity and change over the life cycle (pp. 159-180). New York: Guilford.
Walsh, F. (1993). Conceptualization of normal family processes. In F. Walsh (Ed.), Normal family processes (2nd ed., pp. 3-69). New York: Guilford.
全文下載
|