2002 12-1 An exploratory study and analysis of a novice counselor’s initial interview sessions from intention to action
|
Hsiu-Ling Peng |
|
National Changhwa University of Education |
The purpose of the study is to explore the process from intention to action of a novice counselor in the initial session. Variant factors involved in that process will be dealt with so as to build up a mode for not only novice counselors but teachers andsupervisors adopted as a referential tool in both their counseling practices and instruction activities.This study, as a qualitative approach, is based on some ideas involving the grounding theory. With the help of recording tapes of some interpersonal process reviews, I herein could provide with 116 sections of dialogue for further data analysis.The findings during foresaid interview, I find some following factors do influence the response mode of the novice counselor: the material represented, myth of the relationship, myth of gathering such material, personal emotions of counselors themselves and the ways they cope with such emotions, the paradoxical information gathered from other case etc. The response mode of the novice counselor might not be compatible with his (her) former intention. During process of gathering the material, I find that some goals and strategies might result in some co汀esponding response modes.But myths related to relationship and to that of gathering the material will affect the direction we choose the material-forcing us to abandon our former ideas (feelings or opinion) , casting some doubts on ourselves or the case and thereby affecting the response mode. Some modes of depression, anxiety and frustration might rise up during the demanding process of the novice counselor, which could interfere on appropriate response mode, deteriorate a counseling relationship, hinder the gathering of someuseful material and even interrupt the proceedings of the counseling. And a mistaken idea on relationship could interfere some adequate response mode and make suchconstructing relationship groundless.
Keywords
counselor intention, counselor response mode, novice counselor
Reference
Ahn，H，＆Wampold, B. E. (2001). Where oh where are the specific ingredients? A meta-analysis of component studies in counseling and psychotherapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48, 3, 251-257.
Baites， B. P. (1984). Discussion: some constructive caveats on action psychology and the study of intention. Human Development, 27, 135-138 .
Bergin, A. E., & Lambert, M. J. (1978). The evaluation of therapeutic outcome. In: S. L. Garfield & A. E. Bergin (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change: An empirical analysis (2"d ed.). NY: Wiley.
Brandtstadter, J. (1984 ). Action Development and Development through Action. Human Development, 27, 115-118.
Chapman, M. (1984). Conclusion: Action, intention, and intersubjectivity. Human Development, 27, 139-144.
Chapman, M. (1984 ). Intentional action as a paradigm for developmental psychology: A symposium. Human Development,27, 13-144.
Chwalisz, K. (2001). A common factors revolution: Let’s not “Cut off our discipline's nose to spite its face”. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48, 3, 262-267.
Elliot， R., Hill, C. E., Stiles, W. B., Friedlander, M. L., Mahrer, A. R. & Margison, F. R. ( 1987) Primary therapist response modes: Comparison of six rating systems. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology 55，218-223.
Eysenck, H. J. ( 1952). The effects of psychotherapy: An evaluation. Journal of Consuiting Psychology, 16, 319-324.
Gelsne, C. (1999). Becoming Quali,的tive Researchers: An Introduction (2"d). NY: Longman .
Hamer, R. J. ( 1995). Counselor Intentions : A critical review of the literature. Journal of Counseling & Development, 73(3), 259-270
Heppner, P. P., Kivlighon, P. M., & Wampold, B. E. (1992). Research design in counseling. Brooks/Cole.
Hill, C. E. ( 1990). A review of exploratory in-session process research. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 58, 288-294.
Hill, C. E. ( 1991 ). Almost everything you ever wanted to know about how to do process research on counseling and psychotherapy but didn’t know who to ask. In Watkins, E. Jr. & Schneider, L. J. (Eds.). Research in Counseling (pp. 85-188). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Hill, C. E. ( 1992). An overview of four measures developed to test the Hill Process Model: Therapist intentions, therapist response modes, client reactions, and client behaviors. Journal of Counseling & Development, 70(1), 728-739.
Hill, C. E. & O'Grady, K. E. ( 1985). List of therapist intentions illustrated in a case study and with therapists of varying theoretical orientations. Journal of Counseling Psychlogy, 32( I), pp.3-22.
Hill, C. E., & Corbett, M. M. (1993). A perspective on the history of process and outcome research in counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 40(1 ), 3-24.
Hill, C. E., Helms, J. E., Spiegel, S. B. & Tichenor, V. (1988). Development of a system for categorizing client reactions to therapist interventions. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 35( 1 ), 27-36.
Kazdin, A. E. (1994). Methodology, design, and evaluation in psychotherapy research. In A. E. Bergin & S. Garfield (Ed.), Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change. (pp. 19-71 ). NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Lambert, J. M. & Bergin. E. A. (1994). The effectiveness of psychotherapy. In A. E. Bergin & S. Garfield (Ed.), Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change. (pp. 143-189). NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Maltzman， S. (2001). The specific ingredients are in the match: comments on Ahn and Wampold (2001). Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48, 3, 258-261.
Marmar, C. R. ( 1990). Psychotherapy Process Research, Dilemmas and Future Directions. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 58(3), 265-272.
Martin, J. (1984). The cognitive mediational paradigm for research on counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 558-571.
Martin, J. Martin, W., & Siemon, A. (1987). Cognitive mediational in person- centered and rational-emotive therapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34, 251-260.
Martin, J., Martin, W., & Siemon, A. G. ( 1989). Cognitive-mediational models of action- act sequences in counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36, 8-16.
Martin, J., Martin, W., Meyer, M., & Slemon, A. ( 1986). Empirical investigation of the cognitive mediational paradigm for research on counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 33, 115-123.
Meacham, A. J. (1984). The Social Basis of Intentional Action. Human Development, 27, 119-123.
Miller, J. M. (1997). Counselor intentionality: Implications for the training of beginning counselors. Counseling & Values, 41(3),194-203.
Mischel, H. N. (1984). From intention to action: The role of rule knowleddge in the development of self-regulation. Human Development, 27, 124-128.
Orbell, S. & Sheeran, P. (2000). Motivational and volitional processes in action initiation: A field study of the role of implementation intentions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30( 4 ), 780-797.
Skinner, A. E. & Chapman, M. (1984). Control beliefs in an action perspective. Human Development, 27, 129-132.
Smith, M. L., & Glass, G. V. (1977). Meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies. American Psychologist, 32, 752-760.
Stoltenberg, C. D. (1988). The integrated developmental model of supervision. (Report NO. CG 021380). Atlanta, GA: The 961h Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO. 320789).
Williams, E. N., Judge, A. B., Hill, C. E. & Hoffman, M. A. (1997). Experiences of novice therapists in prepracticum: Trainees', Clients', and supervisors' perceptions of therapists' personal reactions and management strategies. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 44(4), 390-399.
Youniss, J. ( 1984 ). Discussion: single mind and social mind. Human Development, 27, 133-134.
Download