黃世琤教授 Professor Shih-Tseng Tina Huang

Most studies based on single one aggression or victimization theory analyzed the relations of parental psychological control with children' aggression or victimization, which only could understand the specific effect of the unique factor focused on by single one aggression or victimization theory. Furthermore, most studies explored the relations of parental psychological control with children's aggression or victimization, respectively. Some found that parental psychological control could predict children's aggression; others found that parental psychological control could predict children' victimization; some found that parental psychological control could predict children's aggression mediated by social anxiety; others found that parental psychological control could predict children's victimization mediated by social anxiety, which easily made misunderstanding that the effects of parental psychological control on children's aggression and victimization were the same. Therefore, this study integrated several aggression (social learning theory, strain theory, frustration-anger theory, social information processing theory) and victimization theories to construct a model of parental psychological control, aggression, and victimization in order to simultaneously analyze the relations of parental psychological control with aggression and victimization and to explore the difference between the effects of parental psychological control on children's aggression and those on children's victimization.

There were 1,153 junior high school students participated in this study, and structural equation modeling was used. The following results were obtained: (1) the model of parental psychological control, aggression, and victimization fitted the observed data well; (2) parental psychological control positively predicted social anxiety, hostile-biased attribution, and aggression; (3) social anxiety positively predicted hostile-biased attribution and victimization; and (4) hostile-biased attribution positively predicted social anger and aggression; social anger

positively predicted aggression. Accordingly, the path analysis of parental psychological control on victimization was that parental psychological predicted children's victimization through their social anxiety. There were three predictive paths of parental psychological control on aggression. The first one (based on social learning theory) was that parental psychological control directly predicted children's aggressing; the second one (based on strain theory, frustration-anger theory, and social information processing theory) was that parental psychological control predicted children's aggression by virtue of their hostile-biased attribution and social anger; and the last one which is also based on strain theory, frustration-anger theory, and social information processing theory was that parental psychological control predicted children's aggression by virtue of their social anxiety, hostile-biased attribution, and social anger.

Concerning academic contribution, first, this study broke through past research only focusing on single one theory and adopted multiple perspectives to investigate the relations of parental psychological control with children' aggression and victimization by integrating several aggression (social learning theory, strain theory, frustration-anger theory, social information processing theory) and victimization theories. Thus, this study not only showed that the effects of the distinct factors stressed by different theories, but only found that those factors interacted to influence the relations of parental psychological control with children' aggression and victimization. Second, this study expanded past research exploring the relations of parental psychological control with children's aggression or victimization, respectively by simultaneously investigating the relations of parental psychological control with both aggression and victimization to clarify the difference between the effects of parental psychological control on children's aggression and those on children's victimization. Thus, this study showed that distinct operation mechanisms of parental psychological control towards children's aggression and victimization. Parental psychological control could directly predict children's aggression; parental psychological control could predict children's victimization by means of their social anxiety. This study also found that distinct predictive paths from parental psychological control to children's aggression and victimization. The effects of parental psychological control on children's victimization only mediated by their social anxiety; not only social anxiety but also hostile-biased attribution and social anger are important mediators in the effects of parental psychological control on children's aggression. According to the above-mentioned results, this study provided practical suggestion for parents, teachers, and counselors.

Keywords
Aggression, hostile-biased Attribution, parental psychological control, social anxiety, victimization.